索非亚

2010年陝西西安遊記

Sun, 26 Sep 2010 03:41:15 +0000

大厅中央的提线木偶

一号铜马车【真品送往2010年上海世博会参展】这是复制品

二号铜马车

兵马俑一号坑大景前面码着整整齐齐的兵马俑阵是考古学家花了36年的时间一点一点修复出来的。并不是出土就如此整齐


第一号坑细节



跳跃一下~
这是秦始皇陵墓的外观。还没开挖。这是我在骊山半山腰拍的所以显得矮~

【第二批更新】
依然是火车站开头。从大学时候留下的习惯每到一个地方，如果是火车到达。尽量都要拍火车站的
先放一个西安火车站图  这是我从兵马俑回来路上拍的

火车站对面的城墙= =||| 这是我刚到西安拍下的天气很好

【第三批更新】
大雁塔夜景

噴泉廣場夜景

永泰公主陵
第一站乾陵博物馆永泰公主墓（武则天孙女，唐中宗李显七女儿李仙蕙）

永泰公主李仙蕙，是唐中宗李显的第七个女儿，唐高宗李治和武则天的孙女，唐长安元年（701年）死于洛阳时年仅17岁。后与她丈夫武延基合葬在一起，陪葬乾陵。

永泰公主，是中国历史上唯一一个坟墓被冠称为“陵”的公主，规格与帝王相等。这是建国后文物部门在陕西地区发掘的首座规模最大、等级最高的一座唐墓。

一、永泰公主为何人？
毕竟汉字里讲究喜庆吉祥，能为皇家用来称呼名讳的汉字不是那么多，所以历史上即使皇室贵胄也都会有重名的情况出现，更何况像我们现代这样一个简化了的社会（如果有一日英文字母、拉丁文字母也能登记姓名的话，可能重名的情况会少些吧），重名的情况就更加普遍了。历史上就曾有过两位永泰公主，还都是经历坎坷，极有骨气的“时代女性”，一位生活在北魏时期，一位是我们今天的主人公，生活在盛唐时期，她的名字叫李仙蕙（第一次听到这个名字的时候，感觉很像是福建、广西、贵州那边生活在农村的百姓才会用到的名字），听上去很普通的名字，却有着极其不普通的家庭背景和生活经历。她的父亲就是那位《大明宫词》中总是在玩香囊的李显，后来成为唐中宗，最后死在了老婆和闺女手中；她的母亲就是梦想着成为武则天第二的韦后。永泰出生的那一年是684年，而这一年，武则天把中宗李显及韦后一家贬谪至均州，随后迁居到房州，这样看来永泰的童年是远离宫廷斗争的，倒也造成了其率朴的天性，但说来这本应该是让人羡慕的天性却也让自己背上了沉重的负担。转眼间14年过去了，此时是武则天圣历二年，公元699年，小永泰已经长成为14岁的少女，第一次跟随父母走出了房州乡村，也走进了宫廷斗争的漩涡当中，再也没能走出来。一年后，出于政治上的需要，才刚刚从乡野走进宫廷的李仙蕙，以永泰郡主的身份与当时魏王武承嗣之子武延基成婚，成为政治斗争的又一牺牲品，但好在两人有这相似的善良秉性，有着对某些世事不满的心态，日子倒也可以，一年甜蜜生活之后，公元701年，因年轻的小两口与当时的邵王（中宗李显的儿子）李重润议论张昌宗、张易之的罪行，为女皇武则天所忌，李重润和武承嗣为武则天所杀，永泰公主也于其后身亡，时年17岁。为后世留下了诸多难以解释的谜团……

大唐故永泰公主志铭

过了甬道我们来到了一个宽敞明朗的大厅，即前墓室，一道石门将前后墓室隔开。它们的结构相同，上圆像天，绘有天体图。东面的山峦、金乌与西面的月亮遥遥相对，尤其是数不清的满天繁星，仿佛眨着青幽幽的眼睛。下方法地，绘有唐代建筑，体现了古代人们的“天圆地方”之说。

　　前墓室相当于墓主人生前的会客厅，墓室四周绘制8幅壁画，东壁上的《宫女图》保存最为完整，也最为动人。画面上有九人，分两行排列，宫女们个个面色红润，梳着流行的发式，身着时髦的服装。走在最前面的宫女，双手挽着披巾，挺胸趋步前行，姿态雍容华贵，有人说她可能是永泰公主，也有人说她很可能是领班。随后宫女面相和神态各异，服饰与发型不同，分别捧盘执杯，抱物持扇，或拿拂尘，或端蜡烛。在徐步缓行中组成了一个分工明确的服务队列，再现了1000多年前宫廷奴婢侍奉主人的生动场面。

唐朝永泰公主陵墓内部前室

二、永泰公主因何身亡？
关于永泰公主的死因，是这段历史留给我们最大的一个难题，主要集中在以下三种说法：

其一：永泰公主为武则天赐死，历史上也是能找到一些证据的，主要是史书上的记载，比如《新唐书》中有“九月壬申，杀邵王重润及永泰郡主、主婿武延基。”；《资治通鉴》中有“太后春秋高，政事多委张易之兄弟，邵王重润与其妹永泰郡主、主婿武延基窃议其事，易之诉于太后，九月壬申，太后皆逼令自杀。”

其二：永泰公主难产而死，主要是在考古发掘中的相关资料，《永泰公主墓志铭》中，说永泰公主“珠胎毁月”，另外从永泰公主墓中出土的十一块骨盆碎片来看，永泰公主骨盆各部分和同龄女性女性骨盆显得狭小，所以有人断定永泰公主是死于难产的。

其三：永泰公主是由武则天毒杀的，永泰的丈夫死在了九月初三，而她蹊跷的死在了九月初四，很有可能是怀有身孕的永泰公主是得到了武则天的特殊恩惠，没有与李重润和武延基一同被逼杀，而是给予了一种相对体面的死法，那就是毒杀。
但是我倒觉得这里面不得不考虑到永泰的父亲中宗李显的因素，很多有可能是武则天将这个难题交给了重润、永泰的父亲李显来解决的，此时面对着生命忧患，刚刚经历了14年谪居生活的他，没有任何能力去和武则天去做抗争的，最后的结果只能就是牺牲了自己的儿子和女儿，也许最后下令杀掉重润和永泰的正是自己的亲生父亲。

三、永泰公主墓为何为“陵”？
大多陕西西安西线线路三个景点是必须的：一个是高宗李治和武则天合葬墓乾陵、一个是法门寺、一个是汉武帝的茂陵，光听着几个名字我们也不难发现，只有帝王的墓葬才能称之为陵寝，但是在乾陵众多的陪葬墓当中，级别最高，最为奢华的一个却恰恰是永泰公主墓，比如永泰公主墓前的一对石蹲狮和乾陵神道上的石蹲狮有着同样的气势，因此时年在挖掘的过程中，考古工作者一直将其认为是章怀太子墓，但是我们明确的能在史书中看到，中宗李显在追封永泰公主的时候，将其墓葬的规格提升，号墓为陵，足见永泰公主在其心目中的重要地位了。原因为何呢？

其一：中宗李显对于永泰公主的喜爱与内疚，永泰公主是在中宗李显贬谪的当年出生的，跟着他与韦后过了整整14年的苦日子，这个女儿身上总能让他看到乡野间曾经的那份回忆，但身为皇太子的他却不能为她带来什么，甚至女儿的婚姻也成为了政治的需求。

其二：很有可能是因为上文中所讲的，永泰公主的死与中宗李显有着直接的关系，内心强烈的自责感、无能为力、苦痛让他打破了皇室的规矩，给予了永泰公主高规格的埋葬礼仪，当然了，也有人说这里面不能排除韦后和安乐公主在后面的作用。【大家可以查一下：韦后之乱】

武則天無字碑

更多照片等我慢慢整~=“=

[评论] 2010年陝西西安遊記

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[评论] 2010年陝西西安遊記

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[评论] 2010年陝西西安遊記

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